"Computing Machinery" by Alan Turing

-1950
-Turing test
-"Can a computer...fool a person into believing it is human?"
-posed to philosophers rather than computer scientists for the purposes of challenging their notions of intelligence.
-describes a computer than can converse fluidly

I read this essay last year in a philosophy course. And it does pose an interesting question: how do we define intelligence? If a person can hold a believable conversation with a computer, could it be said that the computer is thinking? One might say that a distinction must be made between computing and thinking, but that isn't really the question at hand. Rather, the question pertains to how we perceive the objects with which we are interacting.
At what point can we say that our computers are intelligent? Must they be fallible? Is THAT a prerequisite for intelligence? Do they have to be able to offer an opinion? Must they emote?

Maybe it's the absence of will that helps us to believe that they are not intelligent. A person can have a relatively fluid conversation with a computer, but can a computer start a conversation?